Catalytic processes for energy and transport applications have been of growing importance in recent years in view of the reduction of the environmental impact and of the diversification of energy sources. Since more than two decades the Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic processes of Dipartimento di Energia has been involved in several research topics within these areas including: production of clean liquid fuels from natural gas, novel energy conversion systems with minimal environmental impact; clean up processes of exhaust combustion gases. The role and the characteristics of the investigated processes are briefly described in the following along with some details on the performed researches.